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Monday, 30 December 2013

Psychosocial Intervention in Substance Misuse





Psychosocial interventions and support services describe a wide variety of services, supports and strategies that aim to change behaviour and support people who are affected by alcohol and drug use. These are services which are provided within community settings.


These types of services provide a range of psychosocial (non-medical) interventions for people with alcohol and drug issues including assessment, counselling, case management, coordination of care, group work, information, community education and professional consultation to other service providers.


The Alcohol and Drug Service also provides a range of specialist targeted services in the following areas:
Support for Youth
Outreach Services
Relapse Prevention
Management of Complex Needs
Brief and Early Intervention
Smoking Cessation


Support for Youth


The Alcohol and Drug Service employs specialist youth workers who work with young people affected by alcohol and drug use. These specialists also work closely with a range of youth services provided by community sector organisations.


Outreach Services


Outreach services are useful in providing services to clients who would otherwise be unable to access specialist alcohol, tobacco and other drug services in a timely and equitable manner.


Services are designed to provide: counselling; assistance with accessing other services; access to skilled and professional help; assistance with the development of strategies to reduce harm; and access to specialist advice and information. Services can be provided to individuals or in group settings.


Relapse Prevention


Relapse prevention is a collection of techniques that increase the client’s ability to control cravings and urges, and enhance coping skills for handling high-risk situations where lapse or relapse is a possibility. By combining the learning of specific skills with lifestyle changes, these interventions assist clients to manage lapses and prevent relapses.


Management of Complex Needs


A large proportion of clients who access alcohol, tobacco and other drug services are presenting with increasingly complex and multiple needs. In some cases, these clients also present with difficult (and at times high risk) behaviours. The needs of the client group can be complicated by the presence of coexisting mental health issues.


Brief and Early Intervention


Early intervention involves intervention at an early stage of a person’s alcohol and drug use to prevent the development of serious drug problems later on.


Early intervention focuses on service users who are engaged in patterns or contexts of drug use that have the potential to harm. Early intervention involves identifying drug use and assessing harm and intervening with service users who are consuming drugs in a potentially harmful way before problems become entrenched or dependence develops.


Smoking Cessation


Improving the health of Tasmanians by reducing the harm caused by tobacco in all its forms is the key policy objective of the Tasmanian Tobacco Action Plan 2006-2010.


Reducing smoking initiation and reducing the exposure to second-hand smoke, through tobacco control strategies, along with increasing the rate at which people quit smoking are key objectives of tobacco control activities. Interventions such as price increases, mass media campaigns and sale restrictions are effective in both preventing uptake and promoting quit attempts. Advice and support provided by health professionals is also an essential component of increasing the rate at which people quit smoking.

What causes olfactory hallucinations (phantosmia)?

Many people are sensitive to certain smells, but in an olfactory hallucination (phantosmia), you detect smells that aren't really present in your environment.
The odors detected in phantosmia vary from person to person and may be foul or pleasant. They can occur in one or both nostrils and usually can't be masked by food.
Phantosmia most often occurs as a result of a head injury or upper respiratory infection. It can also be caused by temporal lobe seizures, sinusitis, brain tumors, migraine, Parkinson's disease and stroke.
Because phantosmia can in rare cases be an indication of a serious underlying disorder, consult your doctor if you experience such symptoms.
Note that phantosmia is different from another disorder of sense of smell, known as parosmia, in which a smell is present in your environment but is distorted. Parosmia can occur with damage to the olfactory system, such as after a severe respiratory infection. In this situation, there's usually also a loss of sense of smell.

Complications

Left untreated, schizophrenia can result in severe emotional, behavioral and health problems, as well as legal and financial problems that affect every area of life. Complications that schizophrenia may cause or be associated with include:
  • Suicide
  • Self-destructive behavior, such as self-injury
  • Depression
  • Abuse of alcohol, drugs or prescription medications
  • Poverty
  • Homelessness
  • Family conflicts
  • Inability to work or attend school
  • Health problems from antipsychotic medications
  • Being a victim or perpetrator of violent crime
  • Heart disease, often related to heavy smoking